Saturday, August 31, 2019
Private Security Essay
It seems that the criteria to be eligible for a private security officer post seems to be extensive that need several details of the applicant. Though the basic application requirements appear to be similar in both the book ‘Principles of Security and Crime Prevention’ and the Florida state instruction manual, the amount of information differs in relation to certain key points. Florida State’s requirements seem to be elaborative than that of the book.            Coming to the details, while the minimum age to be eligible for applying is 18 years in both the sources, it is further described as 18 for unarmed and 21 for armed private security officer (Collins, Ricks & Meter, 2000, p. 104). Also, submission of address details is mentioned in the requirements of both the sources and it is further clarified in Florida’s manual as residence details of five years (Bronson, 2007). Moreover, the manual indicates that applicant should also furnish details of aliases, if any (Bronson, 2007). Employment details of 5years should be mentioned as per Florida State’s requirements, whereas it is 7 years in the book (Collins et al., 2000, p. 104).            The requirements regarding details of criminal history are almost similar in both the sources, which state that any kind of bad criminal record in the past 7-10 years may jeopardize the chances of the applicant (Bronson, 2007; Collins et al., 2000, p. 104). Moreover, Florida State’s requirements clearly mention a case of denial and a chance of denial of the application (Bronson, 2007). Criminal history related to disrespect towards country, government officials and/or involvement in dealings of controlled substances may result in rejection of the application. Also, Florida State requirements clearly state the need for applicants to submit all related documents in case of a previous conviction and that the verification of the applicant’s criminal record may take 1-3 months duration (Bronson, 2007).            The guidelines related to applicant’s mental fitness are explained more clearly in the Florida requirements. In Collins et al. book, the only point stated is the ineligibility of a person who is declared by the court as incompetent due to some mental disease (2000, p. 105). However, the state’s manual describes various points regarding the furnishing of details related to mental fitness by a candidate who has previously been diagnosed and/or treated for any mental illness and/or addiction (Bronson, 2007). The state manual requires the candidate to submit letters of reference if the candidate has alcohol or drug abuse and rehabilitation history; whereas Collin’s book simply states that the candidates have to undergo a pre-employment drug screen (Bronson, 2007; Collins et al., 2000, p. 104).            The Florida state’s criteria are very clear about training of the individual, making it mandatory to complete 40 hours of authorized training (Bronson, 2007). It has given the list of personalities who can be exempted from taking the training. Also, in the Collis et al. book, it is mentioned that a potential candidate for armed post should successfully complete a psychological fitness test (Collins et al., 2000, p. 105). While the state manual highlights the point of citizenship with related details, Collins book mentions about minimal desired education for the applicant (Bronson, 2007; Collins et al., 2000, p. 105). In this way, apart from common points, both the sources have mentioned various requirements and useful points. Florida’s manual even describes about conditions that permit exemptions from certain mandatory procedures. All in all, the Florida State’s manual is a comprehensive source with all instructions for an applicant and the Collins’ book is a useful aid to know basic requirements. References Bronson, C. H. (2007). Application Instructions for Class â€Å"D†Security Officer License and                                   Chapter 493, Florida Statutes. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services            Division of Licensing. Retrieved 15 Jan. 2008 from < http://licgweb.doacs.state.fl.us/            application_instructions/Security_D_ApplicationInstructions.pdf>. Collins, P. A., Ricks, T. A., Van Meter C. W. (2000). Principles of Security and Crime            Prevention (Edi. 4, pp. 104&5). Ohio: Anderson.
Friday, August 30, 2019
My Life in 10 Years Essay
I always wanted to see what will be my life in the future, what will be my career and what will I become? As I reflected my childhood I have many dreams and aspirations that I would like to accomplish within the next ten years to come. In ten years, I can see myself having many of my goal accomplished, if not accomplished, I will be working on accomplishing those goals to fulfil my life. We all know when growing up that we all wanted that fairy tale ending with the house, car, kids, and the dog. Ten years from now I plan to be raising my children, coming out of college with several degrees, and being happy. They say in one’s life we all make choices, but in the end, our choices make us. You’re about to embark with me unto the long, curvy road of my life, and Watch upon it as it unfolds through my eyes. This is my life as I see it will be ten years from now. I have most of it planned out already. This is my story. see more:where do you see yourself in 5 years essay School has always been an important goal in my life. Growing up I always wanted to attend college for at least 10 years to receive an accounting degree. Now that I’m older I realized that accountancy is not what I want. I want to be a doctor. I am interested in M.D. /Ph.D. dual degree program, receiving a certificate, and a licence for medicine. I’m sure I am going to be professional doctor someday. I love helping other people with their sickness.
Toyota Compensation and Benefits
Toyota Compensation and Benefits Trends in Human Resources Management Teresa Hall U8a1 Instructor: John Devellier Toyota Motor Corporation has never faced an issue with their employee compensation and benefits packages. Part of their philosophy has been people are their greatest asset and they treat them as such by paying them a good salary and empowering their employees. How can they attract top talent? Well even the top executives at Toyota do not make a seven figure salary. Wages are determined with a fair market value in mind, but it is the â€Å"me†versus â€Å"we†attitude that drives Toyota's success.Describe the formal pay structure within the organization. Toyota has long marched to a different drummer when it comes to wages and compensation. Now with the economy turning upside down, Toyota has been forced into cost cutting measures to align hourly wages more closely with state manufacturing wages of where the plant is located. They have always followed the po licy of pay your employees well and they will perform better and be more productive, but also promote a policy of equal payment for each job. Describe any benchmarking activities undertaken by the organization.Include information as to whether the organization offers a competitive compensation structure. Describe incentives offered by the organization. You can take a page by the introduction of the Toyota Way to employees in the Camry Plant of Kentucky (Kentent, 2009). Initially high wages allowed Toyota to hire the cream of the crop. Daily, monthly and yearly goals were outlined for each department and offered a bonus system if goals were achieved. The bonus was distributed to each member regardless if a profit was made and not by individual performance thus enhancing the team concept.The company used also non-monetary awards, as letters of â€Å"thank you†from the president, recognition on Toyota publications, and daily recognition from their peers and supervisors. One of the highlights of the Camry plant was to build a gym, cafeteria and a nursery for the children of the employees. The upper management also does not have special parking places or any other perks to enhance the feeling of equality with their fellow employees. Describe any profit sharing, stock ownership programs that are available.While owning part of the company is not an option for most Toyota employees, profit sharing is with the gains consistently being passed on to workers throughout the years (Miller & Novak, 2008) often making Toyota employees the highest paid workers in the automaker industry. Describe how benefits are communicated to employees. Benefits are communicated to employees on their day of hire with the Toyota Handbook which explains company policy wages, benefits, health care packages, retirement and pension plans and the company mission.Also included is the (Toyota, 2003) Toyota mindset of Kaizen, continuous improvement and employee respect. Describe any problems associated with compensation policies of the organization. Some of the problems associated with compensation result in the low wages paid to employees versus other automakers. Initially Toyota offers high salaries in an effort to attract the best talent, but there it ends. Even top executives in Toyota rarely receive more than a seven figure salary. After all the training and development Toyota puts into its employees, some can be wooed away from other companies with the promise of more money.Describe the environmental factors that have influenced compensation and benefits of the organization. Toyota believes in â€Å"green†and that is passed on to its employees by making them socially aware of establishing a low carbon society. There is no waste of any kind at Toyota and sometimes that means eliminating positions and tasks that may potentially harm the environment. But that does not mean that the employee is discarded along the way. They are just retrained into another job. Describe any current issues faced by the organization as they relate to compensation and benefits. The current recession has made Toyota consider the â€Å"unthinkable†for them and that is laying people off. In previous articles this has never been an issue for Toyota as people are their most valuable asset. They have managed to avoid it thus far by reducing man hours, moving people to different operations and rethinking their benefit packages. They are in favor of tailoring an individual benefit plan instead of offering the comprehensive group plans they now offer.References: Kentent. (2009). Toyota production system. Retrieved from http://kentent. hubpages. com/hub/Toyota-Production-System Miller, J. , & Novak, V. (2008, December 11). Auto worker salaries. Retrieved from http://www. factcheck. org/2008/12/auto-worker-salaries/ Toyota. (2003). Toyota environmental and social report. Retrieved from http://www. toyota. co. jp/en/environmental_rep/03/jyugyoin03. html Toyota. ( n. d. ). Toyota motor corporation. Retrieved from http://www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/environmental_responsibility/
Thursday, August 29, 2019
Karl Heinrich Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Karl Heinrich Marx - Essay Example Marx’s theories argue that all societies advance through the language of class struggle: a disagreement between the class that is in charge of controlling the society’s production (ownership class) and the lower class responsible for labor input. He called capitalism â€Å"dictatorship of the bourgeoisie†while criticizing the society’s then-current socio-economic status which the wealthy classes were running purely for their own interest (Mehring 47). He predicted a replacement of the socio-economic system with socialism system after its destruction brought about by an internal tension. In the â€Å"dictatorship of the proletariat†, the working class would govern the society under socialism. He also believed that socialism would be replaced by communism eventually, a society that is stateless and classless. Despite strongly believing in socialism and communism, Marx fought for the implementation of socialism with the argument that both the underprivileged people and the social theorist are accountable for bringing about transformation in the socio-economic form by getting rid of capitalism. Marxist concepts were adopted by various revolutionary socialist in different countries by the 20th century. This resulted in the emergence of socialist states, for example, the Soviet Union (1922) and the People Republic of China (1949). His ideas also influenced various workers’ parties and labor union all over the world. Marx is one of the most prominent figures in the history of human. However, since 1989, Marx’s influence went down after some of his predictions got nullified by the revolution of 1989 (Wheen 29). The philosophy of Marx has various interpretations both from Marxist interior and exterior movement. Some philosophers have separated the work of Marx into a â€Å"young Marx†and â€Å"mature Marx†. Other philosophers have classified Marx’s work as purely economical work, philosophical works, historical and political intervention. Therefore, Marx’s philosophy is inextricably connected to his workers’ movement historical i ntervention. An example of this is the ‘Communist Manifesto by Engels’ and the â€Å"critique of political economy†. The philosophical roots of Marxism resulted from three sources: the French republican and extremism, English political economy and the philosophy of German idealist. Even these three sources model is oversimplified as it still holds some truth. During his early career as an intellect and an activist, Marx created an ample theoretical understanding of reality in politics by radical and critical adoption of the thought categories of a German idealist from 18th and 19th century, the most significant one being the Appropriation of Aristotle’s Organicist and Essentialism by Hegel (Wheen 18). Marx analyzed four contributions that Hegel made towards people’s philosophical understanding. They include Aristotelian Essentialism and organicism, the progressing of the world through stages, the difference existing between historical (dialectical) and natural change and finally the thought that historical change is brought about by the thing contradicting itself. Marx polemic with his fellow thinkers was mostly through critique which made him popular as the first to implement critical method into social science. He criticized philosophical
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
Building a House Utilizing Traditional Brick and Block Construction Coursework
Building a House Utilizing Traditional Brick and Block Construction - Coursework Example This research tells that the construction of brick and block traditional houses begin with the digging of the trench. The trench is the site where the foundation will be laid on and should be well inspected before the concrete is laid. This must be done in accordance with the plan of construction. The plan is very instrumental precisely when revealing the load-bearing walls and the width of the tranches to be excavated. When building the wall the choice of brick and block to be used is very important. This affects the brick to be used in the foundation and when building the course block works as far as color and size are concerned. The foundation trench concrete is therefore laid down to a depth at least 150mm or as specified in the plan. After the laying of the concrete, the bricks and blocks are laid down in cavity wall construction depending on the planned design style. The construction of the two walls is done with the two skins constructed next to one another leaving a cavity in between them. The traditional brick and block develop a relative solid 9-inch wall. The main challenge despite the thickness is the risk due to exposure to moisture. However, with the cavity, it is difficult for water to get across the void between the two skins. To effectively prevent dampness, there is need to clear up the cement falling in between the walls during construction. This is primarily because if left there for long, it will pile up hence creates a bridge which will accelerate moistening the wall course. The builders also need to tie both the brick-work and block-work skins together but carefully and at a regular interval.
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Climate Change - Essay Example By the records, prior to the advent of the industrial revolution, the levels of carbon dioxide were way lower than they are today (NASA, 2013). By the end of 2010, the levels of carbon dioxide stood at 389 parts per million as compared to 280 parts per million before the industrial revolution (Doyle, 2013). Records dating to as early as 1500 designate that there has been a steady increase in temperatures as Metz notes (Metz, 2010). Research carried out by UK and U.S based environmental research and scientific institutions show that since the late 1900’s, global average temperature has increased by 0.8 degrees (Hayward, 2014). This rate of increase might appear trifling but according to scientists, it is one of the strongest indicators of the rapid climatic changes happening on earth (Balonnof, 2013). In addition, scientists advise that if climatic change is not urgently addressed, by 2050, the rates of temperature increase should be expected to be between 2.6 and 4.5 degrees ( VOA, 2014). Another imperative statistic from scientists is the verity that there is an over 40% increase in the rates of carbon dioxide and alarmingly, half of this has occurred after the 1970’s (Braasch, 2013). 98% of scientists collectively agree that 98% of the climatic change (with much emphasis on global warming) is caused by human activities (Gleb, 2013). To what extent is the climatic change man-made? Some people have argued that climatic change should not be ascribed to human activities.
Monday, August 26, 2019
Meteorology Concepts, Hurricanes, Tornadoes, And Flooding Summary Essay
Meteorology Concepts, Hurricanes, Tornadoes, And Flooding Summary - Essay Example They have similar circumstances in which give birth to them and are associated with similar geographic and climatic conditions. In the recent past many great Hurricanes have been known to cause immense damage to coastlines of various nations. The most prominent and notorious hurricane known to have wreaked havoc in the recent history of mankind id Hurricane Katrina that struck the western coast of north America devastating human settlement, leaving hundreds dead and homeless.(Prothero 276) The primary cause of a hurricane is a steep pressure gradient. If the pressure gradient of the immediate atmospheric layer over sea and land exceeds a certain level under the prevailing atmospheric conditions, it leads to the formation of a swirling vortex of warm and cool air layers or air streams that intertwine and start whirling at extremely high speeds. The warm air rises above making space for the heavier / denser and colder air to rush into the land mass.This happens at great dimensions near sea shores and coastal areas where the air temperature and pressure gradient exists for large volumes of air. The extreme pressure and temperature difference causes the triggering of a hurricane that gathers moisture and air mass as it travels towards the nearest coastal point. Due to lower air pressure near coastal areas during the day time, (because lands heats up and cools down faster than water due to lesser specific heat capacity), hurricanes rush into coastal stretches sweeping along and across their territories. The chief ingredients of hurricanes are warm water and warm air. As water starts evaporating, they rise up and gather in the atmosphere where they begin to condense. These water drops then start coagulating and form a cloud. The water droplets on condensation release heat and causing the moist cool air to rise up making way for more warm air. This cycle of warm air with water vapor rising and condensing to create low pressure continues, until it leads to the formation of a vortex above the sea. They become lethal only when they pickup solid masses like: tin sheds trees, construction equipment, concrete, metal and other solid chunks of masses lying open on the ground. This gives it that devastating strength and inertia to cause unthinkable damage to areas where it has swept across. Typhoons are also borne out of wind and water and due to climatic imbalances affecting coastal areas and causing large scale damage to human property and lives. A Typhoon is very similar to a hurricane and the circumstances under which a typhoon is created are the same as that of a hurricane. Several factors contribute to the formation of a typhoon. Hurricane and Typhoons are the major two natural threats that endanger life and human settlement in coastal areas. Apart from the Tsunami, which is a rather rare calamity and is linked with deep sea earthquakes, these two natural disasters pose a more immediate threat to life and property located along the coastlines of various nations. Factors which contribute to the birth of a Typhoon are similar to those of a hurricane, like warm water vapor, warm air above, the sea surface, atmospheric pressure above sea, temperature and pressure imbalances, steep temperature and p
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Immigration to USA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1
Immigration to USA - Assignment Example Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCI) and the Bureau of Immigration and Custom Enforcement (ICE). The jurisdiction and oversight of these agencies was transferred from the Justice Department to the DHS (Rudolph 6). All these were supposed to keep the American security at the realm. The reorganization brought together some or all the 22 federal agencies that formed a cabinet agency called the department of homeland security (DHS). These agencies included the US immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). This department had been part of the department of justice, but was later divided into three new agencies which were housed within the DHS. This restructuring process created the largest restructuring of the executive-branch functions since the establishment of the department of defence after the Second World War (Perrow web). The immigration policy is supposed to ensure aliens and criminals do not gain access to the United States. The officers in the immigration department ar e involved in issuing identification papers and citizenship to the people who meet the requirements of citizenship in the United States. The immigration policy has been tasked with offering service and enforcing sections of the immigration policy in America. There is however a difference between immigration policy service and the immigration policy enforcement. ... While both of these are important elements of the policy, enforcement has been given more emphasis than service. Most people confuse that the work of the immigration policy is just to enforce the policies which is not the case. Mostly, we do not hear about the service function of the policy as the news entirely covers the enforcement section of the policy alone. There has been a huge objection to the law like the Arizona SB 1070 which allows a legal enforcing officer to arrest and detain a suspect if the officer can prove that the person is an alien. However, those in objection point out that it is hard to tell who exactly is an illegal immigrant and who is not. Thus, the law has been deemed to target the Latino tribe of the people in the country. There are various pros and cons to this law. The law has been described as a means of profiling and narrowing down the number of suspects by the criterion of race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion (â€Å"National Conference of State Leg islatures†web). This has helped to narrow down the number of suspects. As a method of racial profiling, narrowing down the field of suspects is legal as it helps identify suspects easily. However, the law has its bad side since the law enforcing officers can decide to target a particular race like the Latino. It also makes a certain tribe feel alienated from the rest of the society. Moreover, this law is not only discriminative but also delays justice imposing danger to the suspects. Since the law is targeted at identifying and arresting suspects, there is the likelihood of increased arrests made by the officers. Since the law requires an officer to make an arrest in case they suspect the person to be in the country illegally, the number of arrests is likely to be more and therefore less
Saturday, August 24, 2019
Business-to-business (B2B) marketing Coursework
Business-to-business (B2B) marketing - Coursework Example The paper tells that business-to-business (B2B) marketing describes dealings between businesses which take place in between a manufacturer and a wholesaler or amid a wholesaler and a dealer whereas in business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing transaction takes places between a company and a consumer. There are various characteristics that differentiate B2B marketing from B2C marketing: Market Size In case of B2B firms, there are small and focused customer base whereas in case of B2C firms, they include huge number of customer base. But if compared in terms of monetary values, then investment from each of the customers of B2B firms are much higher than the customers of B2C firms. Along with this, high customer loyalty can be developed in case of B2C process but it is quite low in the case of B2B. Buying Process The buying process of B2B firms is much longer and includes many people whereas the buying process of B2C is much smaller and at times can be a single step process. In case of B2B marketing, customer loyalty is acquired by the word-of-mouth but in case of B2C marketing, it grows by mass adoption process. Selling Process The selling processes within B2B and B2C are vastly different. The B2B marketing process includes many efficient and highly trained individuals, distributors and business partners, in order to accomplish the tasks as well as to maintain a good relation with the customers, which can be beneficial in the long run. In B2C marketing process, the selling procedure is very small and highly skilled persons are not essential. (Raisinghani, 2004). Reduced Capital Commitment and Less Overproduction As production is usually based on the actual demand, so overproduction does not take place in case of B2C marketing processes but in case of the B2B process, overproduction is necessary to meet the sudden arising requirements of the customers. The production in case of B2B process is based on inventory of accumulated warehouse rather than actual customer demand. As in B2C process production takes place according to the demand of the customer, so less capital is invested as well as less cost is associated with stock keeping operations. In case of B2B process, high amount of capital is indulged in the stock keeping process which brings in the requirement of high investment. B2C marketing process requires less staffs whereas B2B marketing requires large number of efficient staffs (Raisinghani, 2004). From the point of view of a marketing manager of an office supply based company, the promotional media which can be highly beneficial for promoting their products in relation to the above stated characteristics is online media via internet and by newspaper advertisements. If internet is used in the promotion process, then it would be highly beneficial as it would help to attract more customers and increase the market share by endorsing innovative products to the customers according to their needs and wants. This can enhance the brand image as well as the market size of the company. Moreover, it can also be advantageous for increasing the profitability of the firm. In order to increase the customer loyalty and satisfaction, new innovative office supply products with varied benefits according to the needs and wants of the customers should be launched and promoted through both online media and newspaper advertisements. This is required in order to make the customers aware about the benefits of the products and to attract them towards the brand. It can also enhance the market share by increasing the number of purchasing made, thereby improving the profitability of the organisation (Oracle Corporation, 2010). The online media as well as newspaper advertisements can also play a part in the selling process as they can highlight all the
Friday, August 23, 2019
Convention of architecture Diagrammatic Transformation of Architecture Research Paper
Convention of architecture Diagrammatic Transformation of Architecture - Research Paper Example The paper also provides an explanation of the tradition of architecture’s orientation to the convention of the diagram. A detailed description of how this idea diagram has been critiqued through a manifestation in contemporary projects is provided. Finally, the paper provides theory analysis to stake a new position in the contemporary architecture field. A diagram is simply an illustrative figure that offers a general scheme or an outline of an object, devoid of representing the precise appearance of it, in order to show the shape and the relations of the different parts of the object. It is a technique utilized to help illustrate what people are thinking in their heads (Reynolds 11). Ever since the 1980s, the convention diagram has been the favored method for theorizing, communicating, making and researching architectural designs, projects and ideas. Therefore, the rise of diagrams, in preference to the model or drawing was a major novel development in the process of design i n the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Classical architecture is simply the architecture of ancient Rome and the architecture of ancient Greece, as well as the architectural style(s) influenced by those; it is the architecture of classical antiquity. Classicism in architecture stresses on geometry, proportion, symmetry as well as the regularity of parts as they are illustrated in the architecture of Ancient Greece and Rome. ... Figure 2: Diagram of the Parthenon The diagram of the Parthenon above illustrates how the way the Parthenon Frieze, in blue, ran around the architrave on the inner rows of the columns. It is of note that the frieze was a sequence of, bas relief stone picture carvings that show dissimilar people partaking in the Panathenaic Festival Procession. In regards to the tradition of classicist architecture’s orientation to the convention of diagram, various classical personalities such as Vitruvius, Philibert de I'Orme and Leonardo Da Vinci. Figure 3: Ampiprostyle temple and diagram of winds The figure above shows Amphiprostyle Temple. On the right is diagram of winds. Philibertde I’Orme: Architecture Rouen 1648. The diagram of winds figure resembles that in Vitruvius for perfect city plans, as well as the illustrious renaissance scheme of man as a measure of things by Leonardo da Vinci. It illustrates an obsession with the centralized plan. Figure 4: Vitruvius diagram of the wi nds Vitruvius who flourished during the late first century BCE describes 8 principal winds, although he noted that there are many other winds, though somehow dissimilar from the major 8 winds. He relates a list of 2 variations on either side of the 8 principal compass yielding up a wind rose comprising 24 winds. The winds are easy to draw since they are spaced equally at 15Â ° from one another. Other than wind direction, Vitruvius also used diagram to show town planning expressing his ideas of ideal city. Other than Vitruvius, Leonardo da Vinci also flourished as far as classicism architecture is concerned. Figure 5: Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci, 1490 Leonardo da Vinci’s
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Report Proposal - Recommendations for Corporate Email Policy Essay
Report Proposal - Recommendations for Corporate Email Policy - Essay Example The vast potential of internet and email services, therefore, necessitates the organizations to re-evaluate their business strategy and incorporate business plans so that the organizations can successfully exploit its potential for business purposes. But it is equally true that the internet, with its huge scope for expansion has also wide ranging implications, which may have damaging effects for the overall development of the organization if it is not used with caution and with an approach that calls for greater control and discipline. The impact of computer has been extensive in almost every area of one’s life including professional and personal. The direct and indirect use of computer technology in every sphere has made it extremely popular which has, in turn, made it highly susceptible for misuse by one and all, in the absence of any tangible means of control. According to a report in CNN ‘the survey of 294 U.S. companies with at least 1,000 employees found that, in many cases, employees who sent e-mails containing confidential information about the organization or e-mails that were considered obscene and offensive were disciplined or terminated’ (CNN, 2006). We would, therefore, be focusing on the urgent need for addressing the proper and efficient use of internet and email services in the organization that would help to develop internet and email policy to effectively monitor its use. Internet has become a very cost effective and time efficient tool with its wide ranging ramifications. But at the same time, it can also be easily misused by unscrupulous people for their own vested interests that may be extremely disastrous for the organization, general public and the states at large. As is evident by the latest trend, the use of information technology and internet by the various terrorist outfits has resulted in some of the worst human tragedies in
Childhood Essay Essay Example for Free
Childhood Essay Essay Natural growth is the child-rearing method that working class and poor parents use to raise their children because there is not a lot of time and money for structured activities and long verbal discussions with the children (Lareau, 2003). Families who practice natural growth child rearing practices need to focus on providing the simpler needs of the child like providing shelter, clothing, food, and water therefore unable to have the structured activities and worry about establishing communication skills. This is important to consider because the way children are raised because this has a social impact. The children that are being raised today will eventually grow up to be a part of their own society; there are social impacts on the current society because of the methods of child-rearing and the consequences that these child-rearing practices are having on children with the way they interact in society, There are benefits and disadvantages to both childrearing methods reported by Lareau (2010) however there are definitive differences in the child’s outcome due to the child’s social class and thus the method the child was raised with. In concerted cultivation children spend a lot of time with adults at structured activities and so they start to communicate with adults as relative equals. The children of concerted cultivation also have longer and more reasoning conversations with their parents which leads them to the sense of entitlement when dealing with institutions (Lareau, 2003). Children raised with concerted cultivation had a larger group of language skills than children raised with natural growth because they communicate longer and more often with adults. This leads to children raised with concerted cultivation having the ability to manipulate rules and thus deal with institutions easier than those of natural growth, however they also have issues figuring out how to occupy their time because they did not often do â€Å"free play†(Lareau, 2003). The children that are raised with natural growth have less communication skills simply because they have less experience talking to adults (Lareau, 2003). Parents of natural growth have to worry about putting food on the table and taking care of many basic needs so when the children are spoken to its often in short direct phrases, without any room for questioning or discussing. The children who are raised with natural growth also do not have that much time spent in structured activities with adults as the children of concerted cultivation (Lareau, 2003). The children who are raised with natural growth developed what Lareau (2003) reported as constraint. Constraint was the disadvantage that natural growth children experience because of their lack of communication skills and the subordination they felt to adults. Children raised with natural growth absorbed their parents feelings of powerlessness with institutions and learned to distrust authority. These differences tend to perpetuate themselves when it comes to differences in child rearing because what class a child is raised in impacts his/her life and then when that child grows up and has children of their own the child rearing practice will most likely be used again if the child grows up to live in the same social class. It is a cycle that continues throughout generations because children usually grow up to be in the same social class they were born into and since the child rearing practices are social class based primarily the children will raise their children as they were raised. After reading Lareau’s (2003) case study I had to do some reflection to figure out with method of child-rearing it was that I was raised in. My family has crossed the line from middle class to working class several times through my childhood, but predominately I feel as if I have been raised using concerted cultivation. My mother and father separated by the time I was seven years old. While at times living with my mother basic necessities were hard to come by because of her poor management of finances, my father always was middle class (I lived with him permanently from age 15 on) and I feel as if I have been raised a middle class child. Since, I was younger I now realize I was active in many structured activities such as: ballet, tap, jazz, girl scouts, youth group at church, choir, bell choir, church plays, cheerleading, cross-country, track, and swim team. Although I did not always think of the activities I participated in to be particularly hard on my family at the time I now realize with my brother, two sisters, and all of their activates my mother must have found it very hard to transport us all to our different activities. The number of activities I was involved in during my childhood shows proof of my upbringing being concerted cultivation because one of the characteristics of being raised with concerted cultivation is a lot of structured activities such as the ones I participated in (Lareau, 2003). Another concept of concerted cultivation which I know I have also be blessed with in my child-rearing is the better communication skills due to long discussions and reasoning with my parents (Lareau, 2003). Both of my parents have always encouraged my sisters, brother, and me to talk openly and voice our opinions. I did not realized it growing up, but now I understand that the lengthy communications I had with my parents enabled me to have a larger vocabulary, good communication skills, and feel comfortable when talking to authority or adults from institutions. The sense of entitlement I feel due to my middle class upbringing makes sense because of the amount of time I spent in structured activities with adults (Lareau, 2003). The time I spent with adults as a child and the way I spoke to them made them relative equals in my perspective. This is an advantage of having a concerted cultivation middle class upbringing because I do not mistrust authority or feel subordinate to intuitions, on the contrary I feel as if they are to serve me and that I can work with institutions to get both my and the institutions needs met. It makes sense that my entitlement feelings allow me to perform well in college and to communication effectively with all professors or staff at the college because of the experience I had dealing with institutions when I was younger. Another concept of concerted cultivation that I have experienced in childhood has to do with social connections. Much like Lareau’s (2003) case study has reported concerted cultivation raised children had weak ties with their extended family. This is true in my upbringing because while I love and sometimes talk to my extended family I seldom see them or would by any means categorize our relationships as strong kinship ties (Lareau, 2003). This I feel has been an unfortunate result of concerted cultivation because I see how some of my other cousins behave towards each other as they are so close talking everyday and meet several times a week for lunch or dinner. I feel this is sad because while I would love to have stronger ties with my extended family I realize it is not a part of the way I was brought up because of my middleclass child-rearing. The concept of my social connections often being mostly in homogenous age groups as a child is very accurate (Lareau, 2003). Because of the activities I participated in and the area in which I lived and went to school I predominately have friendships through activities with children much like I was at the time.
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
Acoustic Cryptanalysis of RSA and Its Counter Measure
Acoustic Cryptanalysis of RSA and Its Counter Measure Prof. J P Agrawal Saurabh Sharma Siddharth Gupta ABSTRACT Acoustics has come up as a new vulnerability in the field of information security. The RSA encryption algorithm, although h very hard to break mathematically, has been broken recently by using acoustics and power analysis of emanations. Acoustic Cryptanalysis is the side-channel attack which targets implementations of cryptographic algorithms. The cryptographic algorithms are quite secure at the mathematical level, but inadvertently leak secret information through signatures in power consumption, electromagnetic emanations, timing variations, and acoustical emanations. This paper presents a software based countermeasure which is based on application of specific mitigation techniques to ensure that even if there is leakage of information it would bear minimal useful information. INTRODUCTION Acoustic cryptanalysis is a form of side channel attack that aims at deriving the private key in a public key cryptography system using acoustical vibrations of a laptop. A side channel attack is basically an attack that gives attacker an additional channel of information about the system, the noise generated by computers is one such potential channel other channels include keystroke acoustic emanations, acoustic emanations from printers, power analysis via the USB port and timing attacks. Side channel attacks can only be performed on public key cryptography system because the encrypted text i.e. ciphers text depends upon the text that is encrypted. So while decryption the cipher text produces a unique acoustic spectrum which helps the attacker to extract the key. In this case we put our emphasis on a different source of computer noise i.e. vibration of electronic components like capacitors and transistors in the circuit of the CPU. These acoustic vibrations are related to the system activity since the amount of power drawn from the CPU depends upon the operation which is performed. As a study case, we will focus on the GnuPG (GNU Privacy Guard), a cross-platform, open-source implementation of the OpenPGP Standard. We will demonstrate a key extraction attack that can extract 4096-bit RSA secret keys when used by GnuPG running on a laptop computer by analyzing the vibrations generated by the computer during decryption of chosen cipher texts. RELATED WORK Analysis of acoustical vibrations is relatively a newer practice commonly used in military context such as identification of vehicles through the sound signature of their engine. Similarly computer programmers monitor the functioning of their systems by listening to sound generated by mechanical components. Some of the successfully implemented experiments involving side channel attacks include : à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Electromechanical ciphers. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Keyboard acoustic emanations. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Acoustic emanations from printers. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Power analysis. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Power analysis via the USB port. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Timing attacks. THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP (A) laptop on which the decryption is being performed (B) Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 4190 microphone capsule mounted on a Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 2669 preamplifier held by a flexible arm. (C) Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 5935 microphone power supply and amplifier, (D) National Instruments MyDAQ device with a 10 kHz RC low-pass filter cascaded with a 150 kHz RC high-pass filter on its A2D input (E) laptop computer performing the attack. Here, the microphone power, amplification and some filtering are done by an integrated, battery operated Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 5935 microphone power supply. After a self-built 10 kHz RC low-pass filter cascaded with a 150 kHz RC high-pass using capacitors and resistors, A2D conversion is done by the compact, USB-operated National Instruments MyDAQ device. The MyDAQ device captures at 200 K sample/sec. The Brà ¼elKjà ¦r 5935 amplifier is limited to a frequency of 100 kHz. OBSERVING THE ACOUSTIC LEAKAGE 1. Distinguishing various CPU operations We can distinguish between various operations performed by CPU by analyzing the low bandwidth leakage of acoustical emanations. Our analysis begins by taking into account simple operations like: HLT (CPU sleep), MUL (integer multiplication), FMUL (floating-point multiplication), main memory access (forcing L1 and L2 cache misses), and REP NOP (short-term idle). We concluded that these operations exhibit a unique frequency spectrum on execution. 2. Distinguishing various code lengths These acoustical emanations can also determine the length of loop being executed. For example the leakage produced by a code executing 10000 ADD instructions in an infinite loop will have a different acoustic spectrum than a program executing 20000 ADD instructions in an infinite loop. 3. Leakage source The observed acoustical emanations are not caused by the rotation of the fan, hard seeks or audio speakers as it is verified by disabling these components. Rather it is caused by the capacitors and resistors in the power regulation circuit of the CPU. The precise source of the emanations is difficult to characterize, since it is different in every machine and it is typically located in hard to reach places. Acoustic localization is also difficult due to mechanical coupling of capacitors and resistors and because of acoustic reflections due to other components. PERFORMING THE ATTACK The attacker sends an encrypted email to the target machine. This email when received by the target machine undergoes the process of decryption so as to extract the data that has been sent. The email which is sent involves sending a chosen ciphertext, it cannot have any random data in it. The data which is sent via the email has to be a specially crafted ciphertext. Through this attack we try to get the ‘q’ i.e. one of the prime factor of the key ‘n’. Enigmail provides an integrated graphical user interface and handles e-mail encoding and user interaction; the actual cryptography is done by an external GnuPG executable. Received e-mail messages are decrypted upon the user’s request. In addition and by default, Enigmail automatically decrypts incoming e-mail messages. Thus, an attacker can send a suitably-crafted e-mail message to the victim, containing a chosen ciphertext. When this e-mail message is fetched by the target computer, the attacker observes the acoustic emanations during decryption, and obtains a bit of the secret key. The attacker then sends additional e-mail messages, until all key bits are recovered. If the messages are backdated or made to look like spam messages, they may even go unnoticed. But this doesn’t affects our attack as it will still be decrypted by the email client. Choosing the ciphertext q is a 2048 bit number q2048 q2047 q2046 q2045†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ q2 q1 GnuPG always generates RSA keys in which the most significant bit of q is set, i.e., q2048 = 1. Considering we know the first i-1 bits of q e.g. i=4 , we know q2048 q2047 q2046 =110 Now we need to find the next bit of q , which can be 0 or 1 So , we create a ciphertext with first i-1 bits equal to that of first i-1 bits of q, the next bit 0 and the remaining bits to be 1 q2048 q2047 q2046 0 111111†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11111 Recording the emmisions We use our experimental setup to record the acoustic emissions that are created during the decryption. Placing the microphone with respect to the laptop body has a large influence on the obtained signal. Laptops have cooling system for heat dissipation. It has a fan that requires large intake of air and some exhaust holes. Also, there are other holes and gaps for ports such as USB, Express Card slot, SD card reader, and Ethernet port. Any of these ports can be used as a position for the microphone. Typically, the best microphone placement is near the Ethernet port or the fan exhaust vent. We record the sound using the LABVIEW software. We compute the sliding-window Fourier transform of the trace, yielding a sequence of spectra, and then aggregate these spectra by taking the median value of each bin. (The use of median effectively rejects temporally-local outliers, such as transient spikes.) The spectrum is truncate to the frequency range of interest (determined manually). Extracting the key The most significant bit of a prime number is always 1. Using this fact we create a desired ciphertext and obtain the power frequency templates for 0 and 1. Thus, if the attacker were to have two spectrum templates describing the leakage of zero and one bits, he could classify an unknown signal by checking the similarity between it and the templates he has. Concretely, in our case a template is a vector of real numbers describing the signal power at each frequency bin. The classification is based on computing the correlation of the Fourier spectrum of the leakage with the two templates. Recall that q is chosen to be a prime such that its most significant bit is always set to one. Moreover, this information is known to an attacker. Thus, obtaining an example of a leakage of a one bit can be done by measuring the leakage resulting from the decryption of g2048;1. Obtaining an example of a leakage of a zero bit is more tricky. This is because the attacker does not know in advance the location of the first zero bit in q. However, this problem can be easily avoided. Consider any number l such that q 2048 1). Notice that the reduction of l modulo q is equivalent to computing l q and will cause the bits of the result to be random thus achieving a similar spectrum as the sound of zero bits of q at the beginning of the attack. After this we compare the data acquired with the templates of 0 and 1 and the output of the comparison gives one bit of the q. Then this attack has to repeated 2048 times to get all the bits of q. These templates are updated dynamically in the matter of 20 bits. After receiving the acoustic spectrum of every attack bit we try to match the frequencies with the ones in the predefined templates. Whenever we get a matching frequency we check it’s corresponding value for power if this value is in range according the given threshold of the template we classify the bit as 0 or 1. By repeating this same procedure to attack every bit we obtain all the 2048 bits of prime q and in turn find the key. COUNTER MEASURE Cipher text randomization : One countermeasure that is effective in stopping our attack ciphertext randomization. If we have a cipher text c, instead of decrypting c immediately what we can generate a 4096 bit random value r, compute re and then decrypt re* c and multiply the result by r^-1. Since ed = 1 mod (n) It does not stop the attacker from extracting the key but it masks the original key so that even if the attacker is able to extract the key he doesn’t has the correct key. In implementation we have used the random library of python. Using this library random.randint(range) generates a random integer which can be multiplied to the value of cipher text and it changes the acoustic spectrum of the ciphertext which masquerades the original key. Why software based countermeasures are better than hardware based countermeasures? Enforce a proper layering can seem to be an effective countermeasure. Unfortunately, such low-level physical leakage prevention, is most of the times, impractical due to the significantly bad cost vs. security tradeoff because of the following reasons : (1) Suitable manipulation at the higher levels can amplify any leakage remnants, similar to what we do in our chosen-ciphertext attack (2) Low-level mechanisms try to protect all computation, even though most of it is insensitive or does not induce easily-exploitable leakage (3) Essential performance-enhancing mechanisms produce leakage as an inevitable side effect. REFRENCES [1] M. Hanspach and J. Keller, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢In guards we trust: Security and privacy in operating systems revisited,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- in Proc. 5th ASE/IEEE International Conference on Information Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust, Washington D.C., USA: IEEE, Sept 2013. [2] M. Hanspach and M.Goetz, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢On Covert acoustical mesh network in air, revisited,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- in Journal of Communications Vol. 8, No. 11, November 2013. [3] R. Otnes, A. Asterjadhi, P. Casari, M. Goetz, T. Husà ¸y, I. Nissen, et al., Underwater Acoustic Networking Techniques, ser. Springer Briefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Springer, 2012. [4] R. Frankland, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Side channels, compromising emanations and surveillance: Current and future technologies,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- Department of Mathematics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, England, Tech. Rep., Mar. 2011. [5] Daniel Genkin, Adi Shamir, Eran Tromer, RSA Key Extraction via Low-Bandwidth Acoustic Cryptanalysis December 18, 2013. [6]Nikita Borisov, Ian Goldberg, and David Wagner. Intercepting mobile communications: the insecurity of 802.11 [7] H. E. Bass and Roy G. Keeton. Ultrasonic absorption in air at elevated temperatures. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. [8]Taher ElGamal. A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 31(4):469–472, 1985. 1
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Nils Christie: Theory on Causes of Crime
Nils Christie: Theory on Causes of Crime It is postulated that the phenomenon crime does not exist, although we can study its negative consequences of it upon society through acts. Many definitions of crime have been developed, the most simplistic definition of a criminal act being; acts that break legislation outlined in law however this differs from that of a normative perspective; crimes are acts which can offend against a set of norms similar to a moral code. When trying to understand the notion of crime it is paramount to understand what acts are and why certain acts are criminalised but not all. A Utilitarian standpoint would be that laws should be focussed towards achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, a principle known as the greatest happiness principle a theory developed by Philippa Foot (1978). Law under capitalism would be geared to protect property rights and affirm the social order. With this philosophical theory in mind, one can contend that acts are crimes for the reason they hav e negative effects on society. I will use a collection of examples to give explanations to comments from Norwegian criminologist Nils Christie focussing on its implications for explaining crime. In addition to this I will briefly outline what criminology is and its connection with the concept of crime. Crime as a concept is relatively recent. Crime was not known by its name in the 16th and 17th centuries, the word was current but it lacked precise meaning, (Elton 1977:5). However from having no sense of crime, we now have a global sense of the subject. Since the emergence of crime as a concept it has always been a highly contested term which has been debated within studies ever since, with criminologists, sociologists and philosophers all creating new theories for it. As mentioned crime does not exist, law constructs crime for us. In a sense we actually create crime; by producing law we then in turn make crime, without legislation there would be no sense of criminality. A world with no criminal system would mean no courts, prisons or criminals. It important to remember that criminal law is not the only form of law as there is also civil law. Criminal law can be is punitive where as civil law is based on restitution. If crime does not exist some might question what criminology is. My personal favourite and one of the most detailed explanation is that of D. Garland; I take criminology to be a specific genre of discourse and inquiry about crime a genre that has developed in the modern period and that can be distinguished from other ways of talking and thinking about criminal conduct. Thus, for example, criminologys claim to be an empirically grounded, scientific undertaking sets it apart from moral and legal discourses, while its focus upon crime differentiates it from other social scientific genres, such as the sociology of deviance and control, whose objects of study are broader and not defined by the criminal law. Since the middle years of the twentieth century, criminology has also been increasingly marked off from other discourses by the trappings of a distinctive identity, with its own journals, professional associations, professorships, and institutes, (Of Crime and Criminals 2002, p8). Thi s quote affirms what I mentioned earlier regarding the emergence of crime as a concept over the last couple of centuries or so, especially how we have developed new ways to deal with behaviour deemed criminal. He also highlighted the studies unique outlook and strong holds on the studies development of theories concerning criminal deviance. I will now concentrate on the main theme of my essay; using examples to explain the comments of criminologist Nils Christie assessing their implications for explaining crime. The University of Oslo criminologist disliked the term crime, I dont like the term crime-its such a big, fat, imprecise word, there are only unwanted acts. How we perceive them depends on our relationship with those who carry them out. Here Christie is very critical of the term describing it is as in accurate and stating that there is no such object it is merely acts. Nils Christie also believes; how we observe these acts depends on our association with those who have carried the out the act. Furthermore Christie supports D. Garlands view; crime is not a tangible idea, thus it does not exist. Only acts exist, acts often given different meanings within various social frameworks. Acts and the meanings given to them are our data. Our challenge is to follow the destiny of acts through the universe of meanings. Particularly, what are the social conditions that encourage or prevent giving the acts the meaning of being crime? (Christie, 2004: 3). Here he has taken his previous idea I stated earlier; acts do not exist, then added another aspect to it by suggesting the meanings given to them can aid us as social scientists in our research into the phenomenon. He is hinting that the social frameworks within society lead people to commit crime, the reasons for committing a crime can be economical, personal or politically motivated. Christie was mainly concerned with crime control and prison populations. He believed there was an unlimited supply of crime; that crime as a concept would never become extinct in a sense as there would always be motives for individuals to be deviant such as political or financial rewards, this new situation, with an unlimited reservoir of acts which can be defined as crimes, also creates unlimited possibilities for warfare as against all sorts of unwanted acts, (Crime control as industry: towards gulags, western style, Nils Christie). This statement by Christie can be affirmed by examining unwanted acts; those made by the Provisions Irish Republican Army. There are a multitude of factors which create conditions for and exasperate what has come to be interpreted as crime. These are through a number of social frameworks such as class and nationality. These are all social constructs and are integral parts of capitalism and prevailing capitalist ideology. The Norwegians analysis can be applied to many situations; a political example of this is conflict between the Provision Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the British Government. The issue first started in the 1920s during the Irish war of independence, when the Republican Army launched guerrilla warfare over British rule in Ireland. There was little conflict between the two sides until 30 January 1972 now known as bloody Sunday. On the day mentioned British soldiers shot twenty-seven civil rights protestors, killing thirteen while patrolling, as a Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march took place. This created uproar as the civilians whom were shot were Catholics, restarting the tension between Northern Ireland and British Government. Although the Provisional Irish Republican Armys movement against the partition of Ireland in fact started two years previous to the tragic day the intensity and media coverage of the deaths led to member levels of the group rapidly escalating. T o refer back to Christies ideology this example can be described as under the umbrella of nationality and religious social frame works. British Government viewed the IRA as terrorists after several planned attacks within Britain including a Bank robbery on a bank in Belfast in 2004 where they escaped with  £26.5 million. The Provisional Irish Republicans felt they were protecting their nation from British involvement in addition to gaining revenge for oppression they faced during British occupancy of Ireland. This was a crime born of social circumstances, as crime does not exist; only acts they thought of their acts as justifiable. If this is the case then were their acts unlawful? Here is a great example of how implications on explaining crime due to different ideology and theories can create a dilemma. Despite the oppression and hardships the Provisional Irish Republican Army felt they received due to the British Government, I feel it is morally wrong to take the life of another individual so their attacks on Birmingham and various other places in Britain was legally unjust. Christie argues throughout his work that crime is a fluid and shallow notion stating that acts may perhaps be constructed as criminal and unlimited thus making crime an endless concept. This links back to the argument that the concept of crime is socially constructed, we create crime. Crime could not continue to exist without legislation; we tell the legal system what is right and what is wrong, legal, illegal, just and unjust. To further this idea, in a sense we as a society increase and decrease crime rates, by making an act unlawful we are ever-increasing the chances of someone then committing a crime. Capitalism has been another major motivator for people committing crimes or as described by Christie unwanted acts, (A Suitable amount of Crime, P7). Firstly capitalism promotes a false material world in which people feel they must have the finest mobile phones, televisions, cars and housing. This is hypocritical as in actual fact it develops a more unequal society in terms of distribution of power, wealth and resources with a lower chance of social mobility. As a result of this some individuals caught up in the longing for material goods; due to the scarcity they feel they may begin stealing as a means to allow them to afford objects they desire. However Nils Christie believed for all acts including those seen as unwanted, there are dozens of possible alternatives to their understanding; bad, mad, evil, misplaced honour, youth bravado, political heroism or crime, (A Suitable Amount of Crime, P7). Christie demonstrates that an act deemed illegal may be committed due to a variety of r easons. The example where someone feels they have no alternative than to thieve can come under the social frame work of inequality; economically disadvantaged. It would be wrong to say this comment from the criminologist has had a vaster enough affect on how crime is explained however perhaps if a few more social scientists were to entertain this idea there might be a small shift in the way we define the concept. If this were to happen we may see a change in how the legal system deals with acts similar to that capitalism discussed above. The economic system produces inequality which leads to crime. This could have a knock on affect with capitalism; in a capitalist society most laws exist to protect the status quo therefore crimes which do not go against capitalism are normally a by product of it e.g. power crime from the hierarchy which it creates. Labelling theory can be brought into the argument of there not being a concept of crime, only acts. The theory states deviance is not a quality of the act because but; the result of traits associated with committing deviance. References: Philippa Foot, The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect in Virtues and Vices (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978) (Elton 1977:5). Look up, references on mole.. Crime control as industry: towards gulags, western style, Nils Christie page 23. Page 3. A Suitable Amount of Crime
Monday, August 19, 2019
Cyber Culture: The Future of Print Essay -- Technology Literature Essa
When we think of technology, what often comes to mind are televisions, communications devices such as cell phones and satellites, computers, and different modes of transportation. However, there are other ways in which technology is applied, one of those being the Internet and its various components including email, chat rooms, and search engines. The list of uses for the Internet is innumerable and many corporations and universities are forcing people to make use of it. But no matter how much this new technology is forced on us, people are still resistant to it. As George Landow, Professor of English and Art History at Brown University, states, "Technology, in the lexicon of many humanists, generally means 'only that technology of which I am frightened'" (Landow 218). Such resistance is unfortunate because the generation of online technology is here. Whether we have accepted it or not we are "twenty minutes into the future" (Landow 214). Books are no longer the sole resource for inf ormation gathering and communicating. A whole new system for conveying information has taken place. "In many ways, we have, for better or worse, already moved beyond the book. Even on the crudest, most materialist standard involving financial returns, we no longer find it at the center of our culture as the primary means of recording and disseminating information and entertainment" (Landow 215). Cyber culture, particularly Internet phenomenons such as online journals and email, have enhanced the way we work with writing and changed the way we write. For instance, references such as online journals and magazines have facilitated researchers in numerous ways. EMU's online database alone contains a library of information on topics ranging from busines... ...w technology called cyber culture, Landow makes a very good point when he says â€Å"Digital technology may be new, but technology, particularly information technology, has permeated all known culture since the beginnings of human history (218). Cyber culture is here to stay and can be very effective in communication, research, and writing; the challenge now, is to close the generational gap between those who have embraced cyber culture and those who still resist it. Works Cited Landow, George. â€Å"Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?†Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age.†Comp. Evelyn B. Tribble & Anne Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 214-226. Lesser, Wendy. â€Å"The Conversation.†Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age.†Comp. Evelyn B. Tribble & Anne Trubek. New York: Longman, 2003. 227-223.
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Brave New World: Helplessness Essay -- Brave New World
Brave New World: Helplessness How can one distinguish happiness from unhappiness if unhappiness is never experienced? It's the bad that makes the good look good, but if you don't know the good from the bad, you'll settle for what you're given. Can people judge their feelings without a basis or underlying "rubric" to follow? Such rudimentary guidelines are established through the maturation process and continue to fluctuate as one grows wiser with a vaster array of experiences. Aldous Huxley creates a utopia filled with happiness, but this is merely a facade to a world which is incomplete and quite empty since the essential "experiences" are replaced with "conditioning." Perhaps this fantasy world was distinctly composed to be a harbinger of our future. An analysis of an "exclusive utopia" designed to heed the present world from becoming desensitized to freedom and individualism and to warn against the danger of an overly progressive scientific and technological society. Huxley commences his story at the source of such world control -- the hatchery. Governed by mottoes of "Community, Identity, and Stability," the "brave new world" he creates is "conditioned" from the start. The test tube babies undergo precise tests, dietary supplements, and encouragement to "produce" the defined castes of "individuals." The central action arises when Bernard Marx, an alpha plus psychologist, becomes continually irritated at the boredom and incompleteness of this highly regulated life. Through his independent thinking he becomes frustrated and feels alone. Such feelings Marx shares with his close friend Helmholtz Watson, who was advantageously decanted in his "test tubular stages" and therefore has an ... ...domination. the Bokanovsky Process, in which one egg is "budded" into hundreds and thousands making a shocking number of "twins" and then the decanting process, the actual birth form the test tube, and finally, the social conditioning processes in which people are "formed" by means of shocks, sirens, and other unpleasant devices to certain stimuli so that they will always evoke certain intrinsic feelings toward those stimuli. The idea of such a "precision-made" society to accomplish work and live in happiness and virtue leaves no room for "imperfection." Such imperfections as Marx, Watson, and the savage however are no threat to the society as apparent in the novel since they are swallowed by the system-- if nobody listens to their ideas, talking does no good. Such automatic suppression of the "rebels" leaves the reader with a frigid feeling of helplessness.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
A Brothers Murder Essay
In â€Å"A Brother’s Murder†by Brent Staples, found in Evergreen text book Brent Staples write’s about his younger brother, Blake, who took a very different path in life than his brother Brent did. In the beginning of the essay Brent writes that he receives a phone call that Blake has been murdered by being shot six times by a former – friend. The choices Blake Staples and his perception on life is what led to his death. It was just a matter of time before Blake either was to kill or be killed. The essay goes on to tell about the conditions in which Blake grew up. The neighborhood in which the brothers lived was violent, and young men grew into having a street life persona. Through-out Blake’s life he witnessed many situations caused by violence. Brent recalls a conversation he overheard there between two Vietnam veterans, in which one of them said how much he preferred to fight with young men from the inner city, who wear â€Å"their manhood on their sleeves. †They weren’t afraid to fight, believing that violence proved they were real men. Brent and Blake moved away from their home in Chester, Pennsylvania to escape the environment filled with violence and poverty. Whereas Brent moved to Chicago to better himself by becoming a journalist, Blake moved to Roanoke, Virginia into the same violent and drug infested environment. Blake chose his way of life by engaging and surrounding himself in negative behaviors such as drugs, guns, and gang violence. Blake’s actions provoked his death. When Brent came home to visit his brother sees that his Blake has been transformed and now hangs out with drug dealers and gangs. When Brent went to see his brother Blake in Roanoke, Virginia Brent realized his little brother was worse than when they left Chester, Pennsylvania. When Brent notices a wound on his brother’s hand, Blake shrugs it off as â€Å"kickback from a shotgun†. That he feared for his younger brother’s life and tried to talk some sense into him. Brent offered his younger brother a ticket to leave the dangerous drug infested projects and Blake refused never showing even though he said he would. My conclusion to this essay is that how two brother who faced the same struggles and who lived in the same environment can take two totally different paths in life by the choices that each of the individual’s take. Brent blames himself for his brother’s death feeling guilty and empty questioning himself what he could have done to prevent his brother’s murder and what if he intervened earlier offering him to leave the projects.
Friday, August 16, 2019
Vygotskys Social Development Theory Education Essay
The following attack examined was category administration, as students were grouped by ability. The ‘Red ‘ group reflected higher ability, this included Child X, ‘Yellow ‘ , in-between ability and ‘Green ‘ , lower ability. All were taught stuff with similar academic content but at a gait and deepness that reflected the varying abilities. This distinction allowed to react to the cognitive difference of where the pupil was, to where the pupil needed to be, a construct which chiefly derived from Vygotsky ‘s Social Development Theory ( Vygotsky 1962, citied in Daniels, 2005 p127 ) . To put this theory in school context, the instructor would try to embrace the spread between the kid ‘s current degree of accomplishment and comparison against the developmental result when supported by an grownup. For illustration, during a phonics session, the green group were given a undertaking related to the ‘ch ‘ sound, whereas Child X and the ruddy group were given this, in add-on to the ‘ture ‘ sound. This undertaking alteration model accommodated and extended the higher ability degrees, leting this to be an effectual pedagogical method in maximizing the acquisition procedure. This process has been found to assist pupils go focussed as independent scholars, as the course of study has been tailored to single rational demands, instead than a one-size tantrums all attack ( Carolan and Guinn p44, 2007 ) . On the other manus, the school ‘s assorted ability process can besides impede run intoing the kid ‘s rational demands. For illustration, in a maths session, the figure bond work sheets provided to the green and xanthous groups concentrated on basic accomplishments and repeat which meant cognitive demands were low and did non stretch middle-ability students. The above activities allowed few chances for treatment and did non advance analysis or creativeness. An article by Jessica Shepard, ( The Guardian online, 2012 ) even suggested that this signifier of grouping â€Å" exacerbates unfairnesss †with Kate Aspin from the TES Online Magazine ( 2010 ) besides adding that efficaciously seting distinction into pattern may be one of the greatest challenges in the NQT twelvemonth. Despite the latter remark, which is of personal relevancy as a possible Newly Qualified Teacher, this school ‘s method did inform that to force all kids to command of content, they need to be pushed at different rates, based on single strengths. However, for those who did happen the activities disputing, peer support was offered. For illustration, with the phonics undertaking, Child X had completed her activity, she sat with the EAL kid and explained the undertaking utilizing her personal methods. She made certain her spouse was remaining on-task, enjoyed more duties and the EAL kid was bettering academically. This pattern is supported through Rose ( 2010, p257 ) , who suggested it was good to redistribute accomplishments and abilities and partner offing high-performing students with those fighting in category. Associating back to Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs ( 1970 ) , every bit good as physiological, safety and self-esteem demands, societal demands had to be met. This method allowed kids to do friends and improved societal accomplishments, which are imperative before self-actualization can be achieved. Evidence besides suggests that vulnerable kids and benefit most from engagement ( Farrell, 2000 ) . Hence in this co ntext, the chance to be a equal protagonist besides allowed to advance inclusion. For future mention, it appears peer support methods would be an effectual educational technique to turn to holistic demands through instruction, mediation and hearing. The school besides offered many extracurricular commissariats such as art, ICT accomplishments, football and badminton. Child X was portion of the badminton squad and there were presently treatments sing coaction with partnership schools through the community Successful Holistic Innovative Nurturing Education ( SHINE ) Scheme. This scheme gave School A the inducements needed to work in partnership with other schools, to enable every student ‘s endowments to be developed within the local community. Child X was excited to non merely vie against other schools, but besides had friends within them. This strategy initiated several characteristics that are straight linked to positive kid development. These included, regular engagement agendas, accent on accomplishment development, and engagement in meaningful interaction. Eccles and Gootman ( 2002 ) besides found that through local school community enterprises, kids learn how to research and act upon in the universe environing them. This suggested that School A ‘s after school plans ‘ possessed the power to advance general wellness and health of kids by maintaining them active, therefore supplying distinguishable chances for growing and development. These enterprises besides encouraged parental engagement and continually invited parents to go to. When questioning with Child X as to whether her parents of all time visited, she articulated that her parents and many other parents ne'er got involved as they tended to be ‘busy ‘ . One set of barriers to rear engagement related to logistical restraints of clip, money, conveyance or kid attention. But it has besides been found that because parents in lower-socioeconomic households frequently have fewer old ages of instruction themselves and potentially harbour more negative experiences with schools ( Lareau and Horvat, 1999 ) . An component that School A should so hold considered, was that research has systematically shown that parental engagement in kids ‘s instruction makes a positive difference to pupils ‘ accomplishment. Parental engagement with kids from an early age has been found to compare with better results in footings of cognitive development and societal development more than parental business, instruction or income ( Sylva et al 2004 ) . Therefore, peculiarly for School A, plans and policies designed to advance parental school engagement in deprived communities in the hereafter may turn out effectual in supplying a sense of coaction for the kid. However, being sensitive to each community ‘s alone barriers and resources is besides of import for set uping and keeping effectual coactions between the single kid, their households and schools. In drumhead, the finest developmental surroundings for a kid consists of academic sweetening, infused with chances for physical, cognitive, societal, and emotional growing. The attacks of School A showed that through contemplation of a diverse context, pupils developed a greater understanding into their ain values and beliefs about teaching method. The school helped toward an apprehension that holistic demands of a kid can be met if schools create an ethos and conditions that support positive behavior for acquisition and for successful relationships. In add-on, they must supply an emotionally secure and safe environment and where appropriate, promote parental and community engagement. Traveling frontward, more attending demands to be paid to these non-cognitive results, such as kids ‘s wellbeing. For best pattern as a trainee instructor, the most important facets acquired for my personal development would be to try to promote regard, aid pupils find strengths in each other, dev elop consistence and support pupils to work for their personal best. After all, Every Child Matters.
Frederick Douglass Paper Essay
For this year’s I.P., I picked Frederick Douglass to be my topic. The reason I picked him was because he was a great man and a well known abolitionist figure. He dedicated his life to opposing slavery. I have always admired Douglass since my first grade teacher told my class about him. Once I researched a little about him, mainly the time period of his life, I realized he was a perfect choice for my I.P. topic. He interested me and I could easily get plenty of information on him. I knew that all the information I needed was out there, I just needed to go out and find it. I went to my local library and checked out books on my topic. Remember, it’s about quality, not quantity, and that’s not an excuse for underachieving. I checked out three or four really effective books, a few that could be categorized as multigenre themselves. They contained both primary and secondary documents. Secondly, I researched him on the internet; and I don’t mean googling â€Å"Frederick Douglass.†I searched specific things like â€Å"Frederick Douglass as a slave†and â€Å"Frederick Douglass’ escape.†This allowed me to narrow the â€Å"millions†of results one always gets when using Google. I received plenty of good websites that I could use that summarized his whole life. I picked multigenre as my presentation category and its obvious why. Frederick Douglass’ life was a multigenre in a sense. He wrote letters and poems and narratives all about his life and slavery. He personified slavery and did all he could to abolish it. A multigenre would best represent Douglass and his life. In order to make my multigenre effective in â€Å"moving†the reader, I had to look at one of the examples Mrs. Jackson provided me with. Using that as a template, I wrote poems and short stories appropriate to the time period that related to the idea of the wrongness of slavery and Douglass. I found pictures that illustrated Douglass’ ideas, as well as drew a few of my own. I tried to picture myself as a slave that hated the way I was treated to add that emotional feel to all my writings. My project definitely relates to the theme, important people in history, because Frederick Douglass was an important individual in history. He was one of the more famous abolitionists and publically expressed his views on slavery. His words and writings were more effective than some because he was once a slave and could back up his sayings. Without some of the things Douglass did, I don’t believe slavery would have ended when it did. America remembers him for his inspirational story, a slave who became free to help others become free. Annotated Bibliography â€Å"A FREEDOM WAR; Frederick Douglass and the Second American Revolution.(Opinion).†The Post-Standard [new york city] 22 Feb. 2012: 1. Print. [I used this as an inspiration for one of my poems in the multigenre] â€Å"Critical Points in Frederick Douglass’ Life; Confronted Lincoln on Issue of Slavery.†The Washington Times [Washington D.C.] 25 Feb. 2006: 2-3. Print. [I used this and made a replica of it and put it in the multigenre] Douglass, Frederick, and Philip Sheldon Foner. The life and writings of Frederick Douglass. New York: International Publishers, 1950. Print. [I used this primary source to realize what and how Frederick Douglass wrote] Douglass, Frederick, and Barbara Ritchie. Life and times of Frederick Douglass. New York: Crowell, 1966. Print. [This is both a primary and secondary source that shows how Douglass viewed his life and how another person, Barbara Ritchie, viewed his life and achievements] Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Library, 1996. Print. [I read through parts of this as research to get a first hand view of his life. This is a primary source] PBS. â€Å"Frederick Douglass.†PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. . [I watched this documentary and used the information to back up my research and make my ideas of Douglass concrete] Root, Damon W.. â€Å"‘A glorious liberty document’: Frederick Douglass’ case for an anti-slavery Constitution.(Frederick Douglass and the Fourth of July)(Book review).†Reason 1 Oct. 2006: 24-26. Print. [The author of this book expressed his view on Douglass’ anti slavery acts and this really inspired me to write a personified story of slavery] â€Å"The Frederick Douglass Papers Edition: Home.†IUPUI : Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. IU Schools of Liberal Arts, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . [I used the timeline at this website to summarize Douglass’ life and give myself a simplified view of his life] â€Å"Welcome to the Frederick Douglass Foundation.†Welcome to the Frederick Douglass Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . [This foundation really provided me with a good biography of Douglass and compared him to other anti-slavery activists like Lincoln and MLK] Turley, David. Slavery. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. Print. [This book gets into great detail of the what a slave would experience and what a slave owner would experience which really helped me with my multigenre] Douglass, Frederick. My escape from slavery. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Library, 1996. Print. [This story was basically a multigenre by Douglass that helped me write a few works on slavery in my multigenre].†Vernellia, Randall. â€Å"No Struggle No Progress.†autoredirect to main site. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. [This website had a poem that I used in my multigenre. It was a primary source]
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Fiction and Australian Identity Essay
The novel Cloudstreet, by Tim Winton resonates the idea of engaging readers through its focus on optimism despite hardship throughout the narrative. The text has the ability to be appreciated and understood through its textual integrity and realism, making it an inspirationally driven text for those engaged readers. A cultural perspective of the novel highlights how the characters in the novel overcome hardships and gain that sense of optimism, which is a true acknowledgment of the sentiment of the stereotypical â€Å"Australian†character. Winton’s focus on the overcoming of segregation in the novel, thoroughly emphasizes this notion of how after hardship, comes optimism, as once the family unites, there is this strong sense of optimism felt in the text. These ideas engage the reader to an extent of realisation that this text is one full of inspiration and encouragement, despite the hardship present at times. The cultural perspective of the novel incorporates the acknowledgment of the Australian identity, making the readers engage and relate with the various characters who posses similar traits. Sam Pickle’s lifestyle, focusing on vices and addiction, causes a great deal of hardship for himself and those around him. The influence gambling has on his life is shown in the quote, â€Å"He loved to gamble, for it was another way of finding water, a divination that sent his whole body sparking. †Comparing Sam’s gambling addiction to that of water allows for realisation of the importance of gambling in his life, as water is a necessity for life. This also creates a distinct connection between Sam and Fish, as Fish’s character thrives for water, bringing happiness and satisfaction to his life, as it is a â€Å"divination†. This creates the parallel that Sam may see gambling in this necessary way. It is known throughout the novel of the importance of water, and this quote portrays Sam’s view on gambling, thoroughly reflecting on its influence on his life. The hardships depicted in the novel are a realistic truth that creates textual integrity; recognizing the Australian identity, as a way to accept the hardships and move on with life, as Sam does throughout the novel. The significance of the inclusion of the Australian identity, is key in the characterization of the various characters, each bringing their own flaws and qualities to the narrative, giving it its engaging effect. The cultural perspective give the hardships faced in the novel a sense of realism, and relatability. Rose’s character is one that signifies the overcoming of these hardships, as she arguably faces the most significant adversities throughout her life. Rose’s private feelings regarding the impact of her parents’ vices is expressed in how, â€Å"There was too much shame, too much cowering under the neighbours’ eyes, too much agonizing embarrassment going to school with a black eye †¦Ã¢â‚¬ The repetition of â€Å"too much†evokes empathy for her circumstances as she is compelled to suffer not only neglect but physical abuse from her mother as well. The obvious physical pain, as well as her lowered moral shown throughout the novel, seem to entice the idea of the negativity hardship can have on ones life. It forces Rose to want to breakaway from her family ideas and values, and explore the world, looking for that sense of optimism. Her character proves the underlying attributes in the Australian identity; attributes that focus on pursuing happiness, to gain a greater perspective of life. The narrative allows for the idea of segregation to act as an aspect of the hardship faced by the characters. It distinguishes the differences between those who are separated, identifying their different lifestyles and values as factors, which has caused this disconnection. The segregation and major personality differences between the two families are highlighted in the quote, â€Å"Sometimes they squared off at one another like opposing platoons. †The metaphor of comparing the two sets of children to â€Å"platoon†, a word commonly used in war, parallels the separation caused by the war. This emphasizes a key aspect of the contextual features of the storyline, as the war has a major impact on the lives of the characters. This also exaggerates the level of separation between the two families, suggesting they have a war-like standing against each other, caused by different views and opinions. The notion of segregation between the families is an obvious cause of hardship, as the two families share so much, whilst being completely different. There is strong symbolism throughout Cloud Street that parallels this idea of segregation. The end of the novel signifies the overcoming of these symbols, in order to unite. The divided backyard is achieved through â€Å"old signs patched together,†symbolizing the patching together’ of lives after the previous hardships faced. The families of Cloudstreet are very different, one who works hard for their own benefit and the other strongly focused on taking life in its stride, letting luck decide life’s path. Winton tends to favour the Lamb families determination, as the constant reliance on luck is not always dependable, as it causes much disruption and conflict between members of the Pickle family. Representatives of the different families work collaboratively in removing both the physical and emotional barriers. â€Å"A square little woman unpegged and folded a tent another woman stepped forward, tottering a little. She crossed the long gash where yesterday there’d been a fence, and took a corner of the tent herself. †The families are literally brought together by the folding of the tent. Corner to corner, their lives are intertwined in a fashion that shows overcoming the hardships created by segregation, allowing for a united nature to be founded in Cloudstreet due to the determination of two family representatives overcoming mutual prejudices. Tim Winton’s novel Cloudstreet is inspirational in the sense that the realism that is created through the narrative, makes the text relatable and appreciated for different contexts. This enables for the reader to be engaged with the storyline, which acknowledges key features such as the Australian identity, and the overcoming of segregation.
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
My Declaration of Independence
When in the course of life events, it becomes necessary for me to suspend the mental beliefs which have chained me to false ideals overwhelmed me by others; and when it is necessary for me to assume the strength and power of my natural state of being to which the Laws of Nature and of Life entitle me, an honest recognition of who I really am requires that I should declare myself separated from any causes and influences which force upon me a will outside of my own.I hold these truths to be self-evident, that all people are created equal, that I am endowed by Life with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the freedom to pursue Happiness. That to secure these rights: I, originating my just powers from the conviction of my own mental government, must assume responsibility.That whenever any outside form of influence becomes destructive and imposes on my freedom, it is my right to alter or sever damaging ties and to institute a new relationship with it, laying a new foundation based upon honorable principles and respecting its right to govern itself in such as way as to effect its Safety and Happiness. That positive relationship, long established, should not be changed for light and meaningless causes.In addition, all experience has shown that I am more likely to suffer while negative external forces are attempting to influence me without my awareness, than when I knowingly enter into fair, balanced, and responsible exchanges of influence. It is, thereby, my right to abolish any destructive forms of influence to which I may have unknowingly been accustomed but have recently become aware of.And also, when a long history of abuse and negativity, pressing its will upon me, reveals a design to reduce my will and keep me under absolute tyranny and dependency, it is my right–it is my duty–to throw off such harassment, and to encourage a new self-esteem along with honorable and just beliefs for my future security.Having been, in t he past, dominated by external forces and influences, now is the time, by absolute necessity, that I call upon myself to cast off, with great belief, all negative influences, and external mental-governments; all expectations not aligned with who I declare myself to be; and to be forgiven and released from personal persecution by which I may have blamed myself for any past wrong-doings.As proof of my conviction in support of this personal declaration of independence, let the facts of my present and future behavior be submitted for all to observe. And with the hope of long Life, the expectation of Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness, I declare independence, now and forever!
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
To get involved in the case to explain the legal content Essay
To get involved in the case to explain the legal content - Essay Example 736). The first step of setting this particular kind of business structure involves finding a name, which is dissimilar from any other company. However, since your business already has a name, this step will not be necessary. Next step that you will need to consider is filing of your paperwork, also called Articles of Organization (Zhang, 2011, p. 864). You will subsequently need to meet all payment associated with filing of such articles. The next step will involve the creation of an operating agreement, which will lay the framework of how to run the LLC (Oh, 2010, p. 122). It is essential at this point to point that, the operating agreement will define the duties and rights of every member of the LLC. It will also be necessary to make some publications. The next crucial step will involve acquiring permits and licenses that are necessary for the business to operate (Sjà ¶grà ©n et al., 2011, p. 360). Other steps that you may also consider include hiring of employees and announcing the business. Though, you already have TREVCO as the business name, should you consider changing this name as you set on a new business structure, then you need to factor some details. The first requirement for finding an appropriate name for this LLC is total compliance with all governing state rules regarding the names of LLCs (Lauesen, 2011, p. 572). I suggest that you assign one member of the customer relation (CR) to find all the details that pertain to this matter. You may also contact the office within the state government, whose duty involves regulation of corporations and LLCs. A number of rules exist that guide on how to choose a name for any LLC (Gelderblom et al., 2013, p. 1058). First, the chosen name must be original. This implies that the chosen name must not be same as any other LLC, which is already in the file that is in custody of the state government office. The chosen
Monday, August 12, 2019
Analysis of The Minstrel Shows Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Analysis of The Minstrel Shows - Case Study Example They felt seeing this being acted out on a stage by black people illustrated a form of success. It opened doors for them into show business and to make money. So by embracing The Minstrel Show and being able to laugh at the fact that it was meant to be negative towards African American people suppressed the sting and made it laughable. â€Å"Gangsta Rap†bears the brunt of the stigma that is labeled a criminalize culture. Although rap music didn’t start out as harsh as it is portrayed today. Society has labeled rap music visibility with a gangster life due to the â€Å"War on Drug†. When rappers embrace the stigma of being a rapper they inherit the dis-identifier of a Gangsta Rap while trying to portray a positive character. Alexander talks about how the colored people have permanently become second-class citizens in their own countries, their exploitation is being carried out on a daily basis and there are others trying to make economic gain through all this. The blacks took part in these shows actively so as to prove a point; they wanted the others to know that it is a form of success for them. This also turned out to be a profitable plot for them, the colored people started making money through all this and it was all well and good. The shows are laughable because they are satire in nature aimed at bringing about a reform in our society and the way we perceive colored people. "The clock has been turned back on racial progress in America, though scarcely anyone seems to notice. All eyes are fixed on people like Barack Obama and Oprah Winfrey who have defied the odds and achieved great power, wealth and fame"(The New Jim Crow) The gangsta rap is no different, the rappers often portray the crime world in their videos and again some of them do so as a form of satire to bring about a positive change in the society but it is perceived by the viewers very differently. Â
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